Rubin joined the Welsh band Lostprophets in 2005 after original drummer Mike Chiplin left the band. Lostprophets was working in the studio with [[Josh Freese]] before Rubin was hired and ultimately finished the drumming for their album ''Liberation Transmission.'' He also began touring with the band then.
At either [[2007/08/24 Leeds, UK|Leeds]] or [[2007/08/26 Reading, UK|Reading]] Festival 2007, a friend of Rubin's recommended that Nine Inch Nails founder [[Trent Reznor]] watch the teenaged Rubin perform with Lostprophets, and he was impressed with what he saw. In 2008, when Freese announced his departure from NIN, Reznor sent an email to Rubin, inviting him to audition. Rubin learned a couple songs, flew to the soundcheck of one of the [[Lights In The Sky Tour|Lights in the Sky]] shows, and secured the job.[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1gKmCqRvzCg] On November 14, 2008, Rubin was announced as the new drummer, taking over for Freese in 2009. Rubin is the youngest person to ever join NIN, at the age of 20.
In addition to assuming the drummer position in Nine Inch Nails, Rubin also had a solo project, [https://www.thenewregime.com The New Regime], which he started when he was in Lostprophets. He continued to work on and tour with The New Regime while being in Nine Inch Nails. In March 2020, The New Regime released its fifth studio album, the first on a non-independent label. There was supposed to be a lot of label support and touring for it, but the world shut down right after the album release due to the COVID-19 pandemic. After it became clear that the impact of the pandemic would be years instead of weeks or months, Rubin decided to close the chapter on The New Regime. He now releases solo material under his own artist name, Ilan Rubin.